Writing With AI
students' use of Generative AI is inevitable in lab writing.
ChatGPT and other generative AI tools are very attractive due to their amazing ability to generate human-written-like text. Since ChatGPT's public launch in November 2022, millions of users have accessed this tool, and engineering students are no exception. Engineering lab instructors should provide a clear position on ChatGPT to their students.
Potential impact of ChatGPT on Students' lab writing
Faculty don’t need to discourage students from using ChatGPT. Instead, faculty need to provide clear guidelines about ChatGPT in the context of their labs. However, copying the content in total or in part from ChatGPT is plagiarism. Faculty need to strengthen their education on academic integrity.
ChatGPT can positively impact students' lab writing.
ChatGPT can provide positive aspects in writing, such as editing and error-proofing.
ChatGPT can provide general technical information, such as definitions of well-established terms and widely used technologies.
ChatGPT can inspire students’ own thinking and assist students in exploring ideas and technologies that they did not know otherwise.
Students need to critically review the content of ChatGPT before using it for their work.
ChatGPT can provide significant flaws due to a lack of understanding of the lab context. The content can be inaccurate, biased, and/or outdated.
ChatGPT's citation information and sources contain flaws.
ChatGPT cannot provide complex technical information applied to the local applications, which is often the case for the labs.
ChatGPT is limited to generating graphs and visuals and/or interpreting them, which are critical in lab writing.
ChatGPT will save and use any information including lab data or processes students prompt in ChatGPT. The information the student disclose in ChatGPT can be potentially accessible by others and cannot be controlled or retrieved by the student's institution. Users of Open AI should also be aware of Open AI usage policies (https://openai.com/policies/usage-policies). Faculty needs to check the institution's policies about Generative AI, such as ChatGPT.
Ask students to document their use of ChatGPT for their labs.
If students use a GenAI platform for their assignments, they must be transparent about that use and document what information provided to the platform.
Encourage students to understand that the work they submit must be their own.
McAdoo published a guide on how to cite ChatGPT: https://libguides.asu.edu/ld.php?content_id=72006454
Note to your students that they can become better writers than ChatGPT because they know the lab’s rhetorical situation (audience, writer, purpose, and context) much better.
Plagiarism in COLLEGE writing
In the context of academic writing, plagiarizing involves using words, ideas, or information from a source without citing it correctly. It is plagiarism if students bypass their "productive thinking" and copy/paste the products from ChatGPT.
Paraphrasing is required when stating someone else's thoughts or ideas.
Read the whole thing. Make sure you understand what it means and not just that you know what it says.
Take brief notes. Don’t take exact quote-level notes.
Write your paraphrase without looking at the original source.
Cite the source!
Copyright issues
Not all plagiarism is copyright violation, and vice versa.
Wikipedia is in the public domain, and its text is copyright-free; however, it’s still plagiarism to turn in a Wikipedia article as a college paper.
Using someone else’s copyrighted image in a school report is not plagiarism if it’s correctly cited, but it could be a copyright violation if published.
“Fair Use” is a limited exemption to copyright.
Usage of copyrighted materials for noncommercial, educational, disability access, parody, transformative use, or other reasons
Small portions of copyrighted material are used
Effect of the use of copyrighted material on its market value negatively
Frequent Qs from lab instructors on plagiarism in lab writing.
1. Should plagiarism be punished?
Good faith efforts to complete a task or assignment that went wrong somehow are very common. Requiring a revision process improves learning more than punishment—but students should know the risks of plagiarism or copyright violation in the workplace.
2. What are the typical consequences of plagiarism in the workplace?
Being fired; Damaged reputation; Retraction of publications/blacklisting from publication venues; Lawsuits from copyright holder/original author
3. Do plagiarism checkers such as Turnitin/Safeassign work?
Best to use them to show students where they need to revise before final submission.
Known problems with Turnitin/Safeassign include 1) flagging direct quotations and correct end citations because they are identical to…the original thing being quoted and 2) flagging reworked text from previous assignments (like rough drafts).
4. Is it possible to plagiarize from yourself?
Yes, in the sense that you should not re-use your own academic writing verbatim between different publications. It is OK to cite yourself when referring to past work. This doesn’t apply to “boilerplate” text that is intended to be reused verbatim.
5. Do students need to cite in-class handouts?
Citations are usually used to document published information. Assignment prompts are usually considered “boilerplate” writing that does not need to be formally cited. If you reference another person’s teaching materials in your materials (or research), do cite them.
6. Do students need to cite common knowledge?
Basic scientific facts typically do not need to be cited, but how “common” common knowledge is varies between fields.
7. Can you plagiarize an image?
Yes, if you claim it as your own without citing it. You can also get into copyright trouble with images more easily than with text.
8. Can you copy and paste figures from the internet?
You have “educational fair use” to use small selections from copyrighted materials inside a classroom, so as long as you cite where the image came from, it can be used internally. However, you typically need legal copyright permission to reproduce images for publication or use in presentations.
9. How do you point out plagiarism issues to a student?
In a rough draft, 1) Note/highlight problematic areas (TurnItIn score may be helpful); meeting may not be needed, 2) Require revisions or re-do if necessary
In a final graded assignment, 1) Meet with the student, 2) Give them a chance to own their mistake, 3) If the problem is fixable, and there is still time to re-grade, require revisions, and 4) If the problem is too pervasive or blatant to fix, follow your institution’s academic discipline guidance.
Chat GPT guideline samples.
Sample 1:
ChatGPT guidelines
1. ChatGPT may assist you when writing labs; however, copying the content in total or in part from ChatGPT is plagiarism. The work you submit must be your own, not ChatGPT's.
2. You should understand the recurring flaws in ChatGPT content and the risks of using such content, such as inaccuracy, bias, obsolescence, and unclarity of origins.
3. You can use ChatGPT when writing the labs, you must document how you have used it after the conclusion section.
Sample 2:
ChatGPT Guidelines of [Lab]
You are allowed to use ChatGPT to get help for writing your lab reports, with the following considerations:
What you submit is considered your work. That means you are responsible for anything that is in your report. So, don’t just copy and paste; review it before using it.
ChatGPT is good at:
Editing and error-proofing; Providing general technical information, such as definitions of technical terms; and Finding useful references and resources about a certain topic.
ChatGPT is NOT so good at:
Understanding the context of your lab experiment; Creating the same procedure as the one that was actually used in the lab; and Generating graphs.
ChatGPT sometimes does terrible things, such as:
Citing made up references that do not exist; and Providing incorrect information.
Sample 3:
ChatGPT policy
[Instructor Name]’s philosophy:
ChatGPT is a tool. Be familiar with any tool. Know its strengths and weaknesses.
Use ChatGPT to help your learning process, do not use it as a mean to get a product.
As we are all getting used to this new tool, I am asking for transparency (we document our prompts and include them in the Appendix), so we can establish guidelines in the future.
Here are some things to consider:
The conversation between you and GenAI cannot be copyrighted as your work, thus, if you copy and paste, it is considered plagiarism.
Make sure you do not plagiarize or violate any copyright (the output from GPT might be fictional or might be plagiarized)
Let’s together come up with mutually agreeable terms that we can try this term.
Sample 4:
Syllabus policy on AI mark 1.0
[Instructor Name]
6-21-23
Generative AI is a powerful tool, but it will never be able to answer the question, “What did I do today?” I aim to allow reasonable uses of AI to support the writing process as well as support grammar and spelling editing, but using it to generate the entire body of assignments is inappropriate.
This class is based around the concept of “writing to learn”--by virtue of writing about something, you will come to know it better. AI can’t replace this. You must do substantial original writing, no matter its quality, in order to learn this material. In particular, do not use AI to write personal reflections of any kind.
All use of generative AI (like Chat GPT) in this class must be extensively documented. For every assignment where you use one of these tools, please submit an attachment where you disclose every “prompt” you gave the AI (the text you typed in to get a result) as well as the entirety of the results it gave you.
Sample 5:
CHATGPT GUIDELINES IN LAB WRITING
[Instructor Name]
Generative AI’s (GAI’s) such as ChatGPT can be useful tools for engineering students and for practicing engineers. Some examples of potential positive impact in report writing include:
may provide positive aspects in writing, such as editing and error-proofing.
may provide general technical information, such as definitions of well-established terms and widely used technologies.
may inspire students’ own thinking and assist students in exploring ideas and technologies that they did not know otherwise.
However, like any tool, when used improperly, may result in a negative impact. Engineers and students need to critically review the content of the generated output before using it for their work. Some common weaknesses include:
Reliance on GAI’s may greatly interfere with you developing your critical thinking skills!
may provide significant flaws due to a lack of understanding of the lab context. The content can be inaccurate, biased, and/or outdated.
citation information and sources often contain flaws.
Often fails to provide complex technical information applied to specific applications (which is often the case for engineering labs).
limited to generating graphs and visuals and/or interpreting them, which are critical in lab writing.
It does not understand the audience, the purpose, nor the context sufficiently well to write a professional report.
You may use generative AI’s to assist with report writing in this class. However,
You must be transparent about that use and document it. Immediately after the reference section of the report:
Identify which GAI’s were used
Include prompts you entered that produced useful results
briefly explain how you used output from the GAI’s
Example: the following prompt was entered into ChatGPT: “write a 1 to 2 page lab report in memo format for a tensile test lab”. ChatGPT produced a useful draft report. I rephrased wording and created all appropriate tables and graphs.
Bottom line: work you submit is YOUR WORK! You are responsible for achieving all learning objectives.
Sample 6:
ChatGPT Guides
Use of generative AI (ChatGPT) to aid your lab writing
ChatGPT or other generative AI tools are very attractive due to their amazing ability to generate human-written-like text.
Since ChatGPT's public launch in November 2022, millions of users have accessed this tool, and engineering students are no exception.
Opportunities for ChatGPT in lab writing
Can provide writing help, such as editing and error-proofing.
Can provide general technical information, such as definitions of well-established terms and widely used technologies.
Can inspire your own thinking and assist you in exploring ideas and technologies that you did not know otherwise.
Hazards of ChatGPT in lab writing
Critically review the content of ChatGPT before using it in your work!
Can give you significant flaws due to a lack of understanding of the lab context. The content can be inaccurate, biased, and/or outdated.
Citation information and sources contain flaws.
Cannot provide complex technical information applied to the local applications, which is often the case for the labs.
Has a limited ability to generate graphs and visuals and/or interpret them, which are critical in lab writing.
Document your use of ChatGPT in your report
Be transparent about using ChatGPT and document it.
Even if you use ChatGPT, the work you submit must be your own!
You can be a better writer than ChatGPT because you know the lab’s rhetorical situation (audience, writer, purpose, and context) much better.
References
Sidney I. Dobrin, Talking aobut Generative AI: A guide for educators, version 1.0, Broadview Press. ISBN 978-1-55-481650-7
Eva A M van Dis, Johan Bollen, Willem Zuidema, Robert van Rooij, Claudi L Bockting, ChatGPT: five priorities for research, Nature, 2023 Feb; 614(7947):224-226. doi: 10.1038/d41586-023-00288-7.
Teaching Guidance for ChatGPT and Related AI Developments https://senate.ucla.edu/news/teaching-guidance-chatgpt-and-related-ai-developments
Calculating the Future of Writing in the Face of AI. https://cmsw.mit.edu/advice-and-responses-from-faculty-on-chatgpt-and-a-i-assisted-writing/
Timothy McAdoo, How to cite ChatGPT, APA Style, https://apastyle.apa.org/blog/how-to-cite-chatgpt